MySQL

MySQL

MySQL (/maɪ ˌɛskjuːˈɛl/ "My S-Q-L",[4] officially, but also called /maɪ ˈsiːkwəl/ "My Sequel") is (as of July 2013) the world's second most[nb 1] widely used[7][8] open-source relational database management system (RDBMS).[9] It is named after co-founder Michael Widenius's daughter, My.[10] The SQL phrase stands for Structured Query Language. The MySQL development project has made its source code available under the terms of the GNU General Public License, as well as under a variety of proprietary agreements. MySQL was owned and sponsored by a single for-profit firm, the Swedish company MySQL AB, now owned by Oracle Corporation. MySQL is a popular choice of database for use in web applications, and is a central component of the widely used LAMP open source web application software stack (and other 'AMP' stacks). LAMP is an acronym for "Linux, Apache, MySQL, Perl/PHP/Python." Free-software-open source projects that require a full-featured database management system often use MySQL. For commercial use, several paid editions are available, and offer additional functionality. Applications which use MySQL databases include: TYPO3, MODx, Joomla, WordPress, phpBB, MyBB, Drupal and other software. MySQL is also used in many high-profile, large-scale websites, including Wikipedia, Google (though not for searches), Facebook,Twitter,Flickr,and YouTube.

Interfaces:

MySQL is a relational database management system (RDBMS), and ships with no GUI tools to administer MySQL databases or manage data contained within the databases. Users may use the included command line tools,[21][22] or use MySQL "front-ends", desktop software and web applications that create and manage MySQL databases, build database structures, back up data, inspect status, and work with data records.[23][24][25][26] The official set of MySQL front-end tools, MySQL Workbench is actively developed by Oracle, and is freely available for use.

Graphical:

The official MySQL Workbench is a free integrated environment developed by MySQL AB, that enables users to graphically administer MySQL databases and visually design database structures. MySQL Workbench replaces the previous package of software, MySQL GUI Tools. Similar to other third-party packages, but still considered the authoritative MySQL front end, MySQL Workbench lets users manage database design & modeling, SQL development (replacing MySQL Query Browser) and Database administration (replacing MySQL Administrator). MySQL Workbench is available in two editions, the regular free and open source Community Edition which may be downloaded from the MySQL website, and the proprietary Standard Edition which extends and improves the feature set of the Community Edition. Third-party proprietary and free graphical administration applications (or "front ends") are available that integrate with MySQL and enable users to work with database structure and data visually. Some well-known front ends, in alphabetical order, are:

Command Line:

MySQL ships with many command line tools, from which the main interface is 'mysql' client.[21][22] Third-parties have also developed tools to manage, optimize, monitor and backup a MySQL server, some listed below. All these tools work on *NIX type operating systems, and some of them also on Windows. Maatkit - a cross-platform toolkit for MySQL, PostgreSQL and Memcached, developed in Perl.[30] Maatkit can be used to prove replication is working correctly, fix corrupted data, automate repetitive tasks, and speed up servers. Maatkit is included with several Linux distributions such as CentOS and Debian and packages are available for Fedora and Ubuntu as well. As of late 2011, Maatkit is no longer developed, but Percona has continued development under the Percona Toolkit brand.[31] XtraBackup - Open Source MySQL hot backup software. Some notable features include hot, non-locking backups for InnoDB storage, incremental backups, streaming, parallel-compressed backups, throttling based on the number of IO operations per second, etc.[32] MySQL::Replication - a replacement for MySQL's built-in replication, developed in Perl. MySQL::Replication can be used to create a peer-to-peer, multi-master MySQL replication network. SymmetricDS - asynchronous MySQL multi-master replication capable of multi-tier replication and designed for a large number of databases across low-bandwidth connections. Licensed as open source (GPL) with commercial options from JumpMind.

Programming

MySQL works on many system platforms, including AIX, BSDi, FreeBSD, HP-UX, eComStation, i5/OS, IRIX, Linux, OS X, Microsoft Windows, NetBSD, Novell NetWare, OpenBSD, OpenSolaris, OS/2 Warp, QNX, Solaris, Symbian, SunOS, SCO OpenServer, SCO UnixWare, Sanos and Tru64. A port of MySQL to OpenVMS also exists.[34] MySQL is written in C and C++. Its SQL parser is written in yacc, but it uses a home-brewed lexical analyzer.[35] Many programming languages with language-specific APIs include libraries for accessing MySQL databases. These include MySQL Connector/Net for integration with Microsoft's Visual Studio (languages such as C# and VB are most commonly used) and the JDBC driver for Java. In addition, an ODBC interface called MyODBC allows additional programming languages that support the ODBC interface to communicate with a MySQL database, such as ASP or ColdFusion. The HTSQL - URL-based query method also ships with a MySQL adapter, allowing direct interaction between a MySQL database and any web client via structured URLs.